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The stock market, also called the equity market, is where companies and other investors trade shares. The concept of a stock market is so broadly applied that the terms often seem interchangeable, although there are distinctions. The actual trading takes place on exchanges, like the NYSE and Nasdaq, which act as central locations for buying and selling securities, or stocks. Exchanges also provide real-time trading information, which is why you’ll see a stock price on just about any business news site.

Public companies, referred to as publicly traded or listed, issue stocks so they can raise money from normal people. This money can help them grow their business, and they offer the investors a share of any profits they make. In the short term, the stock market moves based on investor expectations about future earnings or economic conditions. For example, a tax cut may buoy the stock market because consumers have more income to spend, while high unemployment can lower the stock market because companies are cutting back on jobs and investing less in new equipment.

A stock’s price is determined by supply and demand. If a lot of people want to buy a stock, its price will rise; if not, it will fall. Many of the people who are interested in buying and selling stocks are large institutions, like banks, mutual funds, hedge funds, insurance companies, pension and retirement companies, and endowments. But even individual retail investors can buy and sell stocks, and the vast majority of Americans are invested in the stock market without really knowing it. They’re in it through their 401(K)s and other employer-sponsored savings plans, or they’re in it by owning stocks directly.

Late-breaking abstracts are accepted when novel research that could not have been anticipated before the regular submission deadline is presented at a meeting. This includes new aspects or focus of a study previously presented at another meeting, but not identical presentations of the same data. A case series can also be considered as a late-breaking abstract if it reports new and urgent findings.

A selected number of late-breaking abstracts will be chosen for oral presentation in a special session during the Congress, as described in the programme. Others will be displayed as paper posters or ePosters, as scheduled in the programme. Accepted abstracts can be published in the MSMilan2023 congress supplement and in the ePoster library.

Authors of selected abstracts will be notified by the end of April 2024. Presenters of abstracts that have been accepted must register and attend the Conference to present their work in person.

Authors must be SfN members at the time of submission. Each author may only appear as the presenting author of one late-breaking abstract. If a submitted abstract is accepted for oral presentation, the presenting author must be available to present the results of the study at SLEEP 2024. Accepted late-breaking abstracts will be citable as part of Neuroscience 2024, and included in the online meeting planner and mobile app after post-review is completed. In order to ensure that the scientific content of an abstract is assessed appropriately, it must be aligned with the conference theme.